|
Count Ito Hirobumi (1841-1909, also called Hirofumi/Hakubun) was a
Japanese politician and the country's first Prime Minister (and the 5th, 7th
and 10th).
- 1st: December 22, 1885 - April 30, 1888 861 days
- 5th: August 8, 1892 - August 31, 1896 1,485 days
- 7th: January 12, 1898 - June 30, 1898 170 days
- 10th: October 19, 1900 - May 10, 1901 204 days
He was a Choshu samurai's adopted son and gained samurai status for
himself in 1863, but a visit to England in the same year convinced him of
the necessity of modernizing Japan by adopting Western ways. Following the
Meiji Restoration, Ito served as a junior councillor in a number of
different ministries. In 1873, Ito was made a full councilor and following
the death of Okubo Toshimichi in 1878 he was home minister and dominated the
government, by 1881 he forced Okuma Shigenobu to resign and gain the key
role for himself. He headed a number of missions to study foreign
governments. Based on the European ideas he established a cabinet and civil
service in 1885, replacing the Dajokan as the decision-making state
organization, and became the first Prime Minister. In 1885 he negotiated the
Convention of Tientsin with Li Hung-chang. He supervised the drafting of the
German-alike constitution of 1889. He remained head of the Privy council
while Kuroda Kiyotaka and Yamagata Aritomo were Prime Ministers.
As Prime Minister again (1892-96) he supported the Sino-Japanese War
(1894-1895) and negotiated the Treaty of Shimonoseki in March 1895. After
the war he became the first leader of the Seiyukai party, opposing Yamagata
Aritomo. Prime Minister twice more (1898-1899, 1900-1901) he tried to
negotiate a settlement with Russia before being forced from office by more
militaristic politicians. He remained a power in the government as the
premiership alternated between Saionji Kimmochi and Katsura Taro.
In November 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War Korea was occupied by
Japanese forces and the Korean government was made to sign the Protectorate
Treaty, Ito became the first Resident General there in 1906. He forced the
Korean ruler, King Gojong, to abdicate in 1907 in favor of his son King
Sunjong and pushed through the Korean-Japanese Convention (1907) giving
Japan considerable control of Korean internal affairs. Despite resigning as
Resident General in 1909 Ito was assassinated at Harbin in Manchuria by a
Korean nationalist An Jung-geun in 1909. His death provoked the full
annexation of Korea in 1910 with the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty.
|
